Metastatic cancer refers to the spread of cancer cells from their original site to other parts of the body. It is not a new type of cancer but an advanced stage of an existing one. For example, breast cancer that spreads to the liver is still treated as breast cancer. This spread happens when cancer cells break away, travel through the bloodstream or lymphatic system, and establish new tumors elsewhere. It can be compared to weeds in a garden: even after removing the main cluster, small roots may spread and grow elsewhere if not addressed fully.
Metastatic cancer symptoms
Symptoms vary depending on where the cancer spreads:
- Bone metastases: Pain, fractures, calcium imbalance
- Lung metastases: Cough, shortness of breath
- Brain metastases: Headaches, seizures, confusion
- Liver metastases: Jaundice, abdominal pain
Metastatic cancer treatment approaches
- Systemic chemotherapy: Remains a backbone, though effectiveness varies
- Targeted therapies: For example, Herceptin (trastuzumab) for HER2-positive breast cancer
- Immunotherapies: Keytruda (pembrolizumab), Opdivo (nivolumab)
- Radiation therapy: Used for localized symptom control, such as brain metastases
- Bone-directed therapies: Xgeva (denosumab) or Zometa (zoledronic acid) to protect against bone complications
Supportive medications
- Zofran (ondansetron) for chemotherapy-induced nausea
- Neulasta (pegfilgrastim) for low white blood cell counts
- Dexamethasone to reduce swelling from brain metastases
- Pain management with opioids or neuropathic agents
Lifestyle adjustments
- Prioritizing rest balanced with light activity like walking
- Nutrition plans to maintain strength and prevent weight loss
- Stress reduction through counseling, meditation, or support groups
Metastatic cancer relapse considerations
Relapse Considerations Metastatic cancer is generally not curable, but it is treatable. Many patients live longer with targeted regimens that control disease progression.
While metastatic cancer often signals advanced disease, modern medicine provides multiple tools to extend life and preserve daily function. With the right care team and resources like RxVitaPharm, patients can manage symptoms effectively and maintain a sense of control.